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LETTER 44(第1页)

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LETTER44

CHARLESLAMBTOROBERTSOUTHEY

March15th,1799.

DearSouthey,—Ihavereceivedyourlittlevolume,forwhichIthankyou,thoughIdonotentirelyapproveofthissortofintercourse,wherethepresentsarealloneside.IhavereadthelastEclogueagainwithgreatpleasure.Ithathgainedconsiderablybyabridgment,andnowIthinkitwantsnothingbutenlargement.YouwillcallthisoneoftyrantProcrustescriticisms,tocutandpullsotohisownstandard;buttheoldladyissogreatafavouritewithme,Iwanttohearmoreofher;andof"Joanna"youhavegivenusstillless.Butthepictureoftherusticsleaningoverthebridge,andtheoldladytravellingabroadonasummereveningtoseehergardenwatered,areimagessonewandtrue,thatIdecidedlypreferthis"RuindCottage"toanypoeminthebook.IndeedIthinkittheonlyonethatwillbearparisonwithyour"HymntothePenates"inaformervolume.

Iparedissimilarthings,asonewouldaroseandastarforthepleasuretheygiveus,orasachildsoonlearnstochoosebetweenacakeandarattle;fordissimilarshavemostlysomepointsofparison.Thenextbestpoem,Ithink,istheFirstEclogue;tisveryplete,andaboundinginlittlepicturesandrealities.TheremainderEclogues,exceptingonlythe"Funeral,"Idonotgreatlyadmire.Imissone,whichhadatleastasgoodatitletopublicationasthe"Witch,"orthe"SailorsMother."Youcallditthe"LastoftheFamily."The"OldWomanofBerkeley"esnext;insomehumoursIwouldgiveitthepreferenceaboveany.ButwhothedevilisMatthewofWestminster?Youareasfamiliarwiththeseantiquatedmonastics,asSwedenborg,or,ashisfollowersaffecttocallhim,theBaron,withhisinvisibles.ButyouhaveraisedaveryiceffectoutofthetruenarrativeofMatthewofWestminster.Tissurprisingwithhowlittleadditionyouhavebeenabletoconvertwithsolittlealterationhisincidents,meantforterror,intocircumstancesandfoodforthespleen.TheParodyisnotsosuccessful;ithasonefamouslineindeed,whichconveysthefinestdeath-bedimageIevermetwith:

"Thedoctorwhisperdthenurse,andthesurgeonknewwhathesaid."

Buttheofferingthebridethreetimesbearsnottheslightestanalogyorproportiontothefiendishnoisesthreetimesheard!In"Jaspar,"thecircumstanceofthegreatlightisveryaffecting.ButIhadheardyoumentionitbefore.The"Rose"istheonlyinsipidpieceinthevolume;ithathneitherthornsnorsweetness,and,besides,setsallchronologyandprobabilityatdefiance.

"CousinMargaret,"youknow,Ilike.Theallusionstothe"PilgrimsProgress"areparticularlyhappy,andharmonisetacitlyanddelicatelywitholdcousinsandaunts.Tofamiliarfaceswedoassociatefamiliarscenesandaccustomedobjects;butwhathathApollidonandhissea-nymphstodointheseaffairs?ApollyonIcouldhaveborne,thoughhestandsforthedevil;butwhoisApollidon?Ithinkyouaretooapttoconcludefaintly,withsomecoldmoral,asintheendofthepoemcalled"TheVictory"—

"Bethouherforter,whoartthewidowsfriend;"

asinglemon-placelineoffort,whichbearsnoproportioninweightornumbertothemanylineswhichdescribesuffering.Thisistoconvertreligionintomediocrefeelings,whichshouldburn,andglow,andtremble.Amoralshouldbewroughtintothebodyandsoul,thematterandtendency,ofapoem,nottaggedtotheend,likea"Godsendthegoodshipintoharbour,"attheconclusionofourbillsoflading.Thefinishingofthe"Sailor"isalsoimperfect.Anydissentingministermaysayanddoasmuch.

Theseremarks,Iknow,arecrudeandunwrought;butIdonotlayclaimtomuchaccuratethinking.Ineverjudgesystem-wiseofthings,butfastenuponparticulars.Afterall,thereisagreatdealinthebookthatImust,fortime,leaveunmentioned,todeservemythanksforitsownsake,aswellasforthefriendlyremembrancesimpliedinthegift.Iagainreturnyoumythanks.

PraypresentmylovetoEdith.C.L.

[SoutheyslittlevolumewasVol.II.ofthesecondeditionofhisPoems,publishedin1799.ThelastoftheEnglishEcloguesincludedinitwas"TheRuinedCottage,"slightlyalteredfromtheversionreferredtoinletter38.The"HymntothePenates"broughtthefirstvolumeofthiseditiontoaclose.ThefirstEcloguewas"TheOldMansionHouse.""TheOldWomanofBerkeley"wascalled"ABalladshowinghowanOldWomanrodedoubleandwhorodebeforeher."Itwasprecededbyalong"ationinLatinfromMatthewofWestminster.MatthewofWestminsteristheimaginarynamegiventotheunknownauthorsofachroniclecalledFlaresHistoriarum,belongingprobablytothefifteenthcentury.TheParodywas"TheSurgeonsWarning,"whichbeginswiththetwolinesthatLambprintsasone:—

TheDoctorwhisperdtotheNurse,

AndtheSurgeonknewwhathesaid.

"TheRose"wasblankverse,addressedtoEdithSouthey."CousinMargaret"wasa"MetricalLetterWrittenfromLondon,"inwhichthereareallusionstoBunyan.ThereferencetoApollidonisexplainedbytheselines:—

TheSylphsshouldwaftustosomegoodlyisle,

LikethatwherewhilomeoldApollidon

Builtuphisblamelessspell.]

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