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PREFACE
ThiseditionofthecorrespondenceofCharlesandMaryLambcontains618letters,ofwhich45arebyMaryLambalone.ItistheonlyeditiontocontainallMaryLambslettersandalsoareferenceto,orabstractof,everyletterofCharlesLambsthatcannot,forreasonsofcopyright,beincluded.CanonAingerslasteditioncontains467lettersandtheEvery-mansLibraryEditioncontains572.In1905theBostonBibliophileSociety,awealthyassociationofAmericancollectors,issuedprivately—sinceprivatelyonecandoanything—aneditioninsixvolumes(limitedto453sets)ofthecorrespondenceofCharlesandMaryLamb,containingeverythingthatwasavailable,whichmeanspracticallyeverythingthatwasknown:thenumberreachingatotalof762letters;butitwillbemanyyearsbeforesuchacollectioncanbeissuedinEngland,sinceeachoftheeditionsherehascopyrightmatterpeculiartoitself.MyattempttoinducetheAmericanownerofthelargestnumberofnewletterstoallowmetocopythemfromtheBostonBibliophileeditionhasprovedfruitless.
AndhereawordastocopyrightinsuchdocumentsinEngland,thelawasmostrecentlylaiddownbeingestablisheduponasetofsixteenofLambsletterswhichunhappilyarenot(exceptinverybriefabstract)inthepresentedition.Theseletters,chieflytoRobertLloyd,werefirstpublishedinCharlesLambandtheLloyds,undermyeditorship,in1900,therighttomakecopiesandpublishthemhavingbeenacquiredbyMessrs.Smith,Elder&Co.fromMrs.Steeds,adescendantofCharlesLloyd.TheoriginalswerethenpurchasedbyMr.J.M.Dent,whoincludedcopiesinhiseditionofLambsletters,underMr.Macdonaldseditorship,in1903.MeanwhileMessrs.Smith,Elder&Co.hadsoldtheirrightsintheletterstoMessrs.MacmillanforCanonAingersedition,andwhenMr.DentseditionwasissuedMessrs.MacmillanwithMessrs.Smith,Elder&Co.broughtanaction.Mr.DentthereuponacquiredfromMr.A.H.Moxon,thesonofEmmaIsola,Lambsresiduarylegatee,allhisrightsasrepresentingtheoriginalauthor.ThecasewasheardbeforeMr.JusticeKekewichearlyin1906.Thejudgeheldthat"theproprietoroftheauthorsmanuscriptinthecaseofletters,asinthecaseofanyothermanuscript,meanttheowneroftheactualpaperonwhichthematterwaswritten,andthatinthecaseofletterstherecipientwastheowner.Nodoubtthewritercouldrestraintherecipientfrompublishing,andsocouldthewritersrepresentativesafterdeath;butalthoughtheyhadtherighttorestrainothersfrompublishing,itdidnotfollowthattheyhadtherighttopublishandacquirecopyright.Thisrightwasgiventotheproprietorofthemanuscript,who,althoughhecouldberestrainedfrompublishingbythewriterspersonalrepresentatives,yet,ifnotsorestrained,couldpublishandacquirecopyright."
Mr.DentappealedagainstthisverdictandhisappealwasheardonOctober31andNovember7,1906,whenthedecisionofMr.JusticeKekewichwasupheldwithaclearerdefinitionoftherightofrestraint.TheCourt,indeciding(I"eagainfromMr.MacGillivrayssummary)that"theproprietorsofmanuscriptletterswere,afterthewritersdeath,entitledtothecopyrightinthemwhenpublished,werecarefultomakeitclearthattheydidnotintendtooverruletheauthorityofthosecaseswhereadeceasedmansrepresentativeshavebeenheldentitledtorestrainthepublicationofhisprivatelettersbytherecipientsorpersonsclaimingthroughtheTheCourtexpresslyaffirmedthemonlawrightofthewriterandhisrepresentativesinunpublishedletters.Itdidnotfollowthatbecausethecopyright,iftherewaspublication,wouldbeinthepersonwho,beingproprietoroftheauthorsmanuscript,firstpublished,thatthatpersonwouldbeentitledtopublish.Themonlawrightwouldbeavailabletoenablethelegalpersonalrepresentatives,underpropercircumstances,torestrainpublication."Thatishowthecopyrightlawasregardslettersstandsto-day(1912).
Thepresenteditionhasbeenrevisedthroughoutandinitwillbefoundmuchnewmaterial.IhaveretainedfromthelargeeditiononlysuchnotesasbearupontheLambsandtheplaceofthelettersintheirlife,togetherwithsuchexplanatoryreferencesasseemedindispensable.Forthesourcesof"ationsandsoforththereadermustconsulttheoldedition.
ForpermissiontoincludecertainnewlettersIhavetothanktheMasterofMagdalene,Mr.ErnestBetham,MajorButterworth,Mr.BertramDobell,Mr.G.Dunlop,andMr.E.D.NorthofNewYork.
Asanexampleofotherdifficultiesofediting,atanygiventime,thecorrespondenceofCharlesandMaryLamb,Imaysaythatwhilethesevolumesweregoingthroughthepress,Messrs.Sothebyofferedforsalenewlettersbybothhands,theexistenceofwhichwasunknownequallytoEnglisheditorsandtoBostonBibliophiles.ThemostremarkableofthemisajointletterfromsisterandbrothertoLouisaMartin,theirchild-friend(towhomLambwrotetheverses"TheApe"),datedMarch28,1809.Marybegins,andCharlesthentakesthepenandbeesmischievous.Thus,"Hazlittschilddiedofswallowingabagofwhitepaint,whichthepoorlittleinnocentthingmistookforsugarcandy.Ittolditsmotherjustbeforeitdied,thatitdidnotlikesoftsugarcandy,andsoitcameout,whichwasnotbeforesuspected.Whenitwasopenedseveralotherthingswerefoundinit,particularlyasmallhearthbrush,twogoldenpippins,andaletterwhichIhadwrittentoHazlittfromBath.Theletterhadnothingremarkableinit."…TheothersarefrombrotherandsistertoMissKelly,theactress,whomLamb,in1819,wishedtomarry.Thefirst,March27,1820,isfromMaryLambsayingthatshehastakentoFrenchasarecreationandhasbeenreadingRacine.ThesecondisfromLamb,datedJuly6,1825,thankingMissKellyforticketsatArnoldstheatre,theLyceum,andpredictingthesuccessofhisfarce"ThePawnbrokersDaughter."Howmanymorenewlettersarestilltoetolight,whoshallsay?
InMr.BedfordsdesignforthecoverofthiseditioncertainEliansymbolismwillbefound.TheuppercoatofarmsisthatofChristsHospital,whereLambwasatschool;theloweristhatoftheInnerTemple,wherehewasbornandspentmanyyears.Thefiguresatthebellsarethosewhichoncestoodoutfromthefa?adeofSt.DunstansChurchinFleetStreet,andarenowinLordLondesboroughsgardeninRegentsPark.Lambshedtearswhentheywereremoved.Thetricksyspriteandthecandles(broughtbyBetty)neednoexplanatorywordsofmine.
E.V.L.
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